Burhān al-Muslimīn A Religious Debate between Fakhr al-Islam and Several Protestant Priests in Tehran (Ramaḍan 1312 AH)
Document Type : pajoohesh
Author
10.22081/jap.2024.76694
Abstract
The influx of Christian missionaries into Iran began to increase significantly during the Safavid era, particularly under Shah Abbas I (d. 1038 AH). In response, Shia scholars started composing critical works against these missionaries, addressing both Christianity in general and specific Christian writings. This trend accelerated during the Qajar period, leading to the production of numerous books and treatises in cities such as Isfahan, Kashan, and Tehran. Many of these works have since been edited and published. Among the most prominent critics was Fakhr al-Islam, who was active from the Nasiri period to a few years after the Constitutional Revolution, especially during the reign of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah. He authored several critiques of Christianity, some of which remain unpublished. Burhān al-Muslimīn, featured in this article, documents a dialogue between Fakhr al-Islam and a group of Protestant priests. This debate was penned by Fakhr al-Islam himself and was lithographically printed at that time. The article not only presents the original treatise but also provides an analysis of its content.
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