The Treatise of “al-Ārā al-Ṭabi’iyyah Allatī Tarḍā Bihā al-Falasifah” is a Source of Pre-Socratic Understanding in the Islamic World. and Introducing the Manuscripts of this Treatise

The history of philosophy in Greece began with the philosophers who are called "Pre-Socratics". Today, with the efforts of Hermann Diels and Walter Krantz in collecting the remaining works of this group of philosophers, we can know their opinions and thoughts to some extent. Meanwhile, Muslim philosophers also sometimes refer to the opinions of pre-Socratic philosophers. It can be said that their main source for quoting statements from pre-Socratic philosophers is the treatise of al-Ārā al-Ṭabi’iyyah Allatī Tarḍā Bihā al-Falasifah attributed to Plutarch. The main topic of this article is the introduction of this book and its remaining manuscripts and a review of its content. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical and historical, and the data collection is done by library method. The brief conclusion reached by this article is that this treatise played a key role in the understanding of pre-Socratic by the Muslim philosophers and the subsequent reports about this group of philosophers in the Islamic world were influenced by this treatise and the understandings that came from this treatise. According to the new manuscripts of this treatise, its re-editing is also one of the important things that philosophers should pay attention to.